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Learn Sun Tzu on the Art of War with eChineseLearning's best Chinese teacher!

Sun Zi's Art of War was written by Sun Wu in the final year of the Spring and Autumn Period (770BC - 476BC).
It is not only the oldest Chinese military work in existence but also the oldest book of military theory in the world, well-known for a long time in the history of the military academy in China and abroad.
Sun Zi's Art of War has altogether 13 chapters. Both concise and comprehensive, this book sum up the experience of ancient wars, bring to light the many laws of war which are of universal significance.

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Sun Zi Bing Fa - Sun Tzu on the Art of War III. Attack by Stratagem - mou gong pian di san

鍘熸枃锛

m贸u 伞艒n伞 pi膩n d矛 s膩n
璋 鏀 绡 绗 涓

s奴n zi yu膿 锛 f谩n y貌n伞 b墨n伞 zh墨 f菐 锛 qu谩n 伞u贸 w茅i sh脿n伞 锛 p貌
瀛櫬 瀛惵 鏇 锛 鍑÷ 鐢犅 鍏德犅犅 涔嬄 娉曪紝聽 鍏犅 鍥铰 涓郝 涓婏紝聽聽聽聽 鐮
伞u贸 c矛 zh墨 锛泀u谩n l菤 w茅i sh脿n伞 锛 p貌 l菤 c矛 zh墨 锛泀u谩n z煤 w茅i sh脿n伞 锛
鍥铰 娆÷ 涔 锛涘叏聽聽 鏃 涓郝 涓娐 锛 鐮绰 鏃 娆 涔嬶紱鍏 鍗 涓郝 涓娐犅犅 锛
p貌 z煤 c矛 zh墨 锛泀u谩n w菙 w茅i sh脿n伞 锛 p貌 w菙 c矛 zh墨 銆
鐮绰 鍗 娆 涔 锛 鍏 浼嵚 涓郝 涓婏紝聽聽聽聽 鐮 浼 娆÷ 涔嬨
sh矛 w猫i b菐i zh脿n b菐i sh猫n伞 锛宖膿i sh脿n zh墨 sh脿n zh臎 y臎 锛
鏄 璋撀 鐧韭 鎴樎犅 鐧韭犅 鑳溌犅 锛 闈灺 鍠劼犅 涔嬄 鍠劼犅 鑰吢 涔燂紱
b煤 zh脿n 茅r q奴 r茅n zh墨 b墨n伞 锛 sh脿n zh墨 sh脿n zh臎 y臎 銆
涓 鎴樎犅 鑰 灞 浜郝 涔嬄 鍏德犅犅 锛屽杽聽聽聽 涔 鍠劼犅犅 鑰 涔熴

伞霉 sh脿n伞 b墨n伞 f谩 m贸u 锛 q铆 c矛 f谩 ji膩o 锛 q铆 c矛 f谩 b墨n伞 锛 q铆 xi脿 伞艒n伞 ch茅n伞 銆
鏁 涓娐犅犅 鍏德犅 浼惵 璋 锛 鍏 娆 浼惵 浜ぢ犅 锛屽叾聽 娆 浼 鍏德犅 锛屽叾聽 涓嬫敾聽聽聽 鍩幝犅 銆
伞艒n伞 ch茅n伞 zh墨 f菐 锛 w茅i b霉 d茅 y菒 銆 xi奴 l菙 f茅n y奴n 锛宩霉 q矛 xi猫 锛
鏀宦犅犅 鍩幝犅犅 涔 娉 锛屄 涓 涓 寰 宸层偮 淇 姗孤 杞 杓 锛 鍏 鍣 姊帮紝
s膩n yu猫 茅r h貌u ch茅n伞 锛 j霉 y墨n 锛 y貌u s膩n yu猫 茅r h貌u y菒 銆
涓壜 鏈埪 鑰 鍚幝犅 鎴惵犅犅犅 锛涜窛 鍫 锛 鍙埪犅 涓壜 鏈埪 鑰 鍚 宸层
ji脿n伞 b煤 sh猫n伞 q铆 f猫n 茅r y菒 f霉 zh墨 锛 sh膩 sh矛 s膩n f膿n zh墨 y矛 茅r
灏喡犅犅 涓嵚 鑳溌犅 鍏堵 蹇 鑰 铓伮 闄 涔 锛 鏉聽聽 澹 涓壜 鍒喡 涔 涓聽 鑰
ch茅n伞 b霉 b谩 zh臎 锛 c菒 伞艒n伞 zh墨 z膩i y臎 銆
鍩幝犅犅 涓 鎷斅 鑰 锛 姝 鏀宦犅犅 涔嬄 鐏韭 涔熴

伞霉 sh脿n y貌n伞 b墨n伞 zh臎 锛 q奴 r茅n zh墨 b墨n伞 茅r f膿i zh脿n y臎 锛
鏁吢 鍠劼 鐢犅 鍏德犅犅 鑰 锛屄 灞 浜 涔嬄犅 鍏德 鑰屄 闈灺 鎴樎犅 涔燂紝
b谩 r茅n zh墨 ch茅n伞 茅r f膿i 伞艒n伞 y臎 锛 hu菒 r茅n zh墨 伞u贸 茅r f膿i ji菙 y臎 銆
鎷 浜郝 涔嬄 鍩幝犅犅 鑰 闈灺 鏀宦犅 涔 锛 姣伮 浜郝 涔嬄 鍥铰 鑰 闈 涔吢 涔熴
b矛 y菒 qu谩n zh膿n伞 y煤 ti膩n xi脿 锛 伞霉 b墨n伞 b煤 d霉n 茅r l矛 k臎 qu谩n 锛
蹇 浠 鍏犅 浜壜犅犅 浜 澶┞犅犅 涓 锛屄 鏁 鍏德 涓嵚 閽 鑰屄 鍒 鍙 鍏 锛
c菒 m贸u 伞艒n伞 zh墨 f菐 y臎 銆
姝 璋嬄 鏀宦犅 涔嬄 娉 涔 銆

伞霉 y貌n伞 b墨n伞 zh墨 f菐 锛 sh铆 z茅 w茅i zh墨 锛 w菙 z茅 伞艒n伞 zh墨 锛
鏁 鐢犅 鍏德犅 涔嬄 娉 锛 鍗伮 鍒 鍥绰犅 涔 锛 浜斅 鍒 鏀宦犅 涔嬄 锛

b猫i z茅 f膿n zh墨 锛 d铆 z茅 n茅n伞 zh脿n zh墨 锛 sh菐o z茅 n茅n伞 t谩o zh墨 锛
鍊嵚 鍒櫬 鍒喡 涔 锛 鏁 鍒 鑳铰犅犅 鎴樎犅 涔嬄 锛屽皯聽聽 鍒櫬 鑳铰犅 閫兟 涔嬄 锛
b煤 ru貌 n茅n伞 b矛 zh墨 銆 伞霉 xi菐o d铆 zh墨 ji膩n 锛 d脿 d铆 zh墨 q铆n y臎 銆
涓 鑻ヂ 鑳铰犅 閬 涔嬄 銆 鏁 灏徛犅 鏁屄 涔嬄 鍧毬犅 锛屽ぇ聽 鏁 涔嬄 鎿 涔熉 銆
f奴 ji脿n伞 zh臎 锛 伞u贸 zh墨 f菙 y臎 銆 f菙 zh艒u 茅r 伞u贸 b矛 qi谩n伞 锛
澶 灏喡犅犅犅 鑰 锛屄 鍥 涔嬄 杈 涔 銆偮 杈 鍛犅 鑰 鍥 蹇吢 寮郝犅犅 锛
f菙 x矛 z茅 伞u贸 b矛 ru貌 銆
杈 闅 鍒 鍥铰 蹇吢 寮 銆

伞霉 j奴n zh墨 su贸 y菒 hu脿n y煤 j奴n zh臎 s膩n 锛 b霉 zh墨 j奴n zh墨 b霉 k茅 y菒
鏁吢 鍚 涔嬄 鎵聽 浠 鎮B犅 浜幝 鍐浡 鑰吢 涓 锛 涓嵚 鐭ヂ 鍐浡 涔嬄 涓嶅彲聽 浠
j矛n 茅r w猫i zh墨 j矛n 锛 b霉 zh墨 j奴n zh墨 b霉 k茅 y菒 tu矛 茅r w猫i zh墨 tu矛 锛
杩 鑰 璋撀 涔嬄 杩浡 锛 涓 鐭ヂ犅 鍐浡 涔 涓 鍙 浠 閫聽 鑰 璋撀 涔嬄 閫 锛
sh矛 w猫i m铆 j奴n 锛 b霉 zh墨 s膩n j奴n zh墨 sh矛 锛 茅r t贸n伞 s膩n j奴n zh墨
鏄 璋撀 绺宦 鍐浡 锛涗笉 鐭ヂ 涓壜犅 鍐浡 涔嬄 浜嬄 锛 鑰 鍚屄犅 涓壜 鍐浡 涔嬄
zh猫n伞 zh臎 锛 z茅 j奴n sh矛 hu貌 y菒 锛 b霉 zh墨 s膩n j奴n zh墨 qu谩n 锛
鏀柯犅犅 鑰吢 锛 鍒櫬 鍐浡 澹 鎯懧 鐭 锛涗笉聽 鐭 涓壜犅 鍐浡 涔嬄 鏉兟犅 锛
茅r t贸n伞 s膩n j奴n zh墨 r猫n 锛 z茅 j奴n sh矛 y铆 y菒 銆
鑰屄 鍚屄犅 涓壜 鍐 涔嬄 浠宦犅 锛屽垯聽 鍐浡 澹 鐤 鐭c
s膩n j奴n j矛 hu貌 qi臎 y铆 锛 z茅 zh奴 h贸u zh墨 n谩n zh矛 y菒 銆
涓壜 鍐浡 鏃⒙ 鎯懧 涓 鐤懧 锛 鍒 璇 渚 涔嬄犅 闅韭 鑷陈 鐭c
sh矛 w猫i lu脿n j奴n y菒n sh猫n伞 銆
鏄 璋撀 涔甭犅犅 鍐浡 寮暵 鑳溌犅 銆

聽伞霉 zh墨 sh猫n伞 y菕u w菙 锛 zh墨 k茅 y菒 zh脿n y菙 b霉 k茅 y菒 zh脿n zh臎 sh猫n伞 锛
鏁吢 鐭ヂ 鑳溌犅 鏈壜 浜 锛 鐭ヂ 鍙 浠ヂ 鎴樎 涓 涓 鍙 浠 鎴樎犅 鑰吢 鑳溌犅 锛
sh铆 zh貌n伞 伞u菐 zh墨 y貌n伞 zh臎 sh猫n伞 锛 sh脿n伞 xi脿 t贸n伞 y霉 zh臎 sh猫n伞 锛
璇喡 浼椔犅犅犅 瀵 涔嬄 鐢犅犅 鑰吢 鑳溌犅犅 锛屼笂聽聽聽聽 涓嬄 鍚屄犅 娆 鑰吢 鑳溌犅 锛
y菒 y煤 d脿i b霉 y煤 zh臎 sh猫n伞 锛 ji脿n伞 n茅n伞 茅r j奴n b煤 y霉 zh臎 sh猫n伞 銆
浠 铏灺 寰 涓嵚 铏 鑰吢犅 鑳溌犅犅 锛屽皢聽聽聽 鑳铰犅 鑰 鍚浡 涓 寰 鑰吢 鑳溿
c菒 w菙 zh臎 锛 zh墨 sh猫n伞 zh墨 d脿o y臎 銆
姝 浜斅 鑰 锛 鐭ヂ犅 鑳溌犅犅 涔嬄 閬 涔 銆

聽伞霉 yu膿 锛 zh墨 b菒 zh墨 j菒 zh臎 锛 b菐i zh脿n b煤 d脿i 锛 b霉 zh墨 b菒 茅r
鏁吢 鏇奥 锛 鐭 褰悸 鐭 宸甭 鑰吢 锛岀櫨聽聽 鎴樎 涓嵚 娈喡 锛涗笉聽 鐭 褰悸 鑰
zh墨 j菒 锛寉铆 sh猫n伞 y铆 f霉 锛 b霉 zh墨 b菒 b霉 zh墨 j菒 锛 m臎i zh脿n b矛 d脿i 銆
鐭ヂ 宸 锛屼竴聽 鑳溌犅 涓聽 璐燂紱涓嵚 鐭 褰悸 涓 鐭ヂ 宸 锛屾瘡聽 鎴樎 蹇吢 娈 銆

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Translation:(Translated from the Chinese version By LIONEL GILES, M.A. (1910))

III. ATTACK BY STRATAGEM

1. Sun Tzu said: In the practical art of war, the best thing of all is to take the enemy's country whole and intact; to shatter and destroy it is not so good. So, too, it is better to recapture an army entire than to destroy it, to capture a regiment, a detachment or a company entire than to destroy them.

2. Hence to fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence; supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy's resistance without fighting.

3. Thus the highest form of generalship is to balk the enemy's plans; the next best is to prevent the junction of the enemy's forces; the next in order is to attack the enemy's army in the field; and the worst policy of all is to besiege walled cities.

4. The rule is, not to besiege walled cities if it can possibly be avoided. The preparation of mantlets, movable shelters, and various implements of war, will take up three whole months; and the piling up of mounds over against the walls will take three months more.

5. The general, unable to control his irritation, will launch his men to the assault like swarming ants, with the result that one-third of his men are slain, while the town still remains untaken. Such are the disastrous effects of a siege.

6. Therefore the skillful leader subdues the enemy's troops without any fighting; he captures their cities without laying siege to them; he overthrows their kingdom without lengthy operations in the field.

7. With his forces intact he will dispute the mastery of the Empire, and thus, without losing a man, his triumph will be complete. This is the method of attacking by stratagem.

8. It is the rule in war, if our forces are ten to the enemy's one, to surround him; if five to one, to attack him; if twice as numerous, to divide our army into two.

9. If equally matched, we can offer battle; if slightly inferior in numbers, we can avoid the enemy; if quite unequal in every way, we can flee from him.

10. Hence, though an obstinate fight may be made by a small force, in the end it must be captured by the larger force.

11. Now the general is the bulwark of the State; if the bulwark is complete at all points; the State will be strong; if the bulwark is defective, the State will be weak.

12. There are three ways in which a ruler can bring misfortune upon his army:--

13. (1) By commanding the army to advance or to retreat, being ignorant of the fact that it cannot obey. This is called hobbling the army.

14. (2) By attempting to govern an army in the same way as he administers a kingdom, being ignorant of the conditions which obtain in an army. This causes restlessness in the soldier's minds.

15. (3) By employing the officers of his army without discrimination, through ignorance of the military principle of adaptation to circumstances. This shakes the confidence of the soldiers.

16. But when the army is restless and distrustful, trouble is sure to come from the other feudal princes. This is simply bringing anarchy into the army, and flinging victory away.

17. Thus we may know that there are five essentials for victory: (1) He will win who knows when to fight and when not to fight. (2) He will win who knows how to handle both superior and inferior forces. (3) He will win whose army is animated by the same spirit throughout all its ranks. (4) He will win who, prepared himself, waits to take the enemy unprepared. (5) He will win who has military capacity and is not interfered with by the sovereign.

18. Hence the saying: If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy, for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat. If you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you will succumb in every battle.

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