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Learn Sun Tzu on the Art of War with eChineseLearning's best Chinese teacher!

Sun Zi's Art of War was written by Sun Wu in the final year of the Spring and Autumn Period (770BC - 476BC).
It is not only the oldest Chinese military work in existence but also the oldest book of military theory in the world, well-known for a long time in the history of the military academy in China and abroad.
Sun Zi's Art of War has altogether 13 chapters. Both concise and comprehensive, this book sum up the experience of ancient wars, bring to light the many laws of war which are of universal significance.

Want to know why business people like it so much? Come and learn Sun Zi鈥檚 Art of War with eChineseLearning鈥檚 professional teachers!

Sun Zi Bing Fa - Sun Tzu on the Art of War -XI.The Nine Situations - jiu di pian di shi yi

鍘熸枃锛

ji菙 d矛 pi膩n d矛 sh铆 y墨
涔澛 鍦 绡嚶犅 绗 鍗伮 涓聽

s奴n zi yu膿 锛歽貌n伞 b墨n伞 zh墨 f菐 锛寉菕u s菐n d矛 锛寉菕u q墨n伞 d矛 锛 y菕u zh膿n伞
瀛櫬 瀛 鏇奥 锛 鐢犅 鍏德犅 涔嬄 娉 锛 鏈壜 鏁B 鍦 锛 鏈壜 杞宦犅 鍦 锛 鏈壜 浜
d矛 锛 y菕u ji膩o d矛 锛 y菕u q煤 d矛 锛 y菕u zh貌n伞 d矛 锛 y菕u p菒 d矛 锛寉菕u w茅i
鍦 锛 鏈壜 浜ぢ犅 鍦 锛 鏈壜 琛 鍦 锛 鏈壜 閲嵚 聽聽鍦 锛 鏈壜 鍦 鍦 锛 鏈壜 鍥
d矛 锛 y菕u s菒 d矛 銆 zh奴 h贸u z矛 zh脿n q铆 d矛 锛寃茅i s菐n d矛 锛況霉 r茅n zh墨 d矛
鍦 锛 鏈壜 姝 鍦 銆 璇嘎 渚 鑷 鎴樎犅 鍏 鍦 锛 涓郝 鏁B 鍦 锛 鍏 浜郝 涔嬄 鍦
茅r b霉 sh膿n zh臎 锛 w茅i q墨n伞 d矛 銆 w菕 d茅 z茅 l矛 锛 b菒 d茅 y矛 l矛 zh臎 锛寃茅i
鑰 涓 娣甭犅 鑰吢 锛 涓郝 杞宦犅 鍦 銆 鎴 寰 鍒 鍒 锛 褰 寰 浜 鍒 鑰吢 锛 涓郝
zh膿n伞 d矛 锛泈菕 k茅 y铆 w菐n伞 锛宐菒 k茅 y菒 l谩i zh臎 锛 w茅i ji膩o d矛 锛 zh奴 h贸u
浜壜犅犅 鍦 锛 鎴 鍙 浠 寰聽聽 锛 褰 鍙 浠 鏉ヂ 鑰吢 锛 涓郝 浜ぢ犅 鍦 锛 璇嘎 渚
zh墨 d矛 s膩n sh菙 锛 xi膩n zh矛 茅r d茅 ti膩n xi脿 zh墨 zh貌n伞 zh臎 锛 w茅i q煤 d矛 锛
涔嬄 鍦 涓壜 灞灺 锛 鍏埪犅 鑷陈 鑰 寰 澶┞犅 涓嬄 涔嬄 浼椔犅犅 鑰吢 锛 涓郝 琛 鍦 锛
r霉 r茅n zh墨 d矛 sh膿n 锛宐猫i ch茅n伞 y矛 du艒 zh臎 锛寃茅i zh貌n伞 d矛 锛 x铆n伞 sh膩n
鍏 浜郝 涔嬄 鍦 娣甭犅 锛 鑳屄 鍩幝犅犅 閭 澶毬 鑰吢 锛 涓郝 閲嵚犅犅 鍦 锛 琛屄犅 灞
l铆n 銆 xi谩n z菙 銆 j菙 z茅 銆 f谩n n谩n x铆n伞 zh墨 d脿o zh臎 锛寃茅i p菒 d矛 锛泂u菕
鏋椔 銆 闄┞犅 闃 銆 娌 娉 銆 鍑÷ 闅韭 琛屄犅 涔嬄 閬撀 鑰吢 锛 涓郝 鍦 鍦 锛 鎵聽
y贸u r霉 zh臎 脿i 锛宻u菕 c贸n伞 伞u墨 zh臎 y奴 锛宐菒 伞u菐 k茅 y菒 j墨 w煤 zh墨 zh貌n伞
鐢甭 鍏 鑰吢 闅 锛 鎵聽 浠幝犅 褰捖 鑰吢 杩 锛 褰 瀵÷ 鍙 浠 鍑 鍚 涔嬄 浼
zh臎 锛 w茅i w茅i d矛 锛 j铆 zh脿n z茅 c煤n 锛 b霉 j铆 zh脿n z茅 w谩n伞 zh臎 锛 w茅i
鑰吢 锛 涓郝 鍥绰 鍦 锛 鐤 鎴樎犅 鍒 瀛樎 锛 涓 鐤 鎴樎犅 鍒 浜÷犅 鑰吢 锛 涓
s菒 d矛 銆 sh矛 伞霉 s菐n d矛 z茅 w煤 zh脿n 锛 q墨n伞 d矛 z茅 w煤 zh菒 锛 zh膿n伞 d矛 z茅
姝 鍦 銆 鏄 鏁 鏁B 鍦 鍒 鏃 鎴樎犅 锛 杞宦犅 鍦 鍒 鏃 姝⒙ 锛 浜壜犅犅 鍦 鍒
w煤 伞艒n伞 锛 ji膩o d矛 z茅 w煤 ju茅 锛 q煤 d矛 z茅 h茅 ji膩o 锛 zh貌n伞 d矛 z茅 l眉猫 锛
鏃 鏀宦犅 锛 浜ぢ犅 鍦 鍒 鏃 缁澛 锛 琛 鍦 鍒 鍚 浜ぢ犅 锛 閲嵚犅犅 鍦 鍒 鎺犅 锛
p菒 d矛 z茅 x铆n伞 锛 w茅i d矛 z茅 m贸u 锛 s菒 d矛 z茅 zh脿n 銆
鍦 鍦 鍒 琛屄犅 锛 鍥绰 鍦 鍒 璋嬄 锛 姝 鍦 鍒 鎴樎犅 銆
銆 銆
su菕 w猫i 伞菙 zh墨 sh脿n y貌n伞 b墨n伞 zh臎 锛宯茅n伞 sh菒 d铆 r茅n qi谩n h貌u b霉 xi膩n伞
鎵聽 璋撀 鍙 涔嬄 鍠劼犅 鐢犅 鍏德犅 鑰吢 锛 鑳铰犅 浣柯 鏁 浜郝 鍓嵚犅 鍚幝 涓 鐩
j铆 锛 zh貌n伞 伞u菐 b霉 xi膩n伞 sh矛 锛 伞u矛 ji脿n b霉 xi膩n伞 ji霉 锛 sh脿n伞 xi脿 b霉
鍙 锛 浼椔犅犅 瀵÷ 涓 鐩嘎犅犅 鎭兟 锛 璐德 璐甭犅 涓 鐩嘎犅犅 鏁懧 锛 涓娐犅犅 涓嬄 涓
xi膩n伞 sh艒u 锛 z煤 l铆 茅r b霉 j铆 锛 b墨n伞 h茅 茅r b霉 q铆 銆 h茅 y煤 l矛 茅r d貌n伞 锛
鐩嘎犅犅 鏀堵犅 锛 鍗 绂 鑰 涓 闆 锛 鍏德犅 鍚 鑰 涓 榻 銆 鍚 浜 鍒 鑰 鍔犅 锛
b霉 h茅 y煤 l矛 茅r zh菒 銆 伞菐n w猫n 锛歞铆 zh貌n伞 zh臎n伞 茅r ji膩n伞 l谩i 锛宒脿i zh墨
涓 鍚 浜 鍒 鑰 姝⒙ 銆 鏁⒙ 闂 锛 鏁 浼椔犅犅 鏁绰犅犅 鑰 灏喡犅犅 鏉ヂ 锛 寰吢 涔
ru貌 h茅 锛 yu膿 锛 xi膩n du贸 q铆 su菕 脿i z茅 t墨n伞 y菒 銆 b墨n伞 zh墨 q铆n伞 zh菙
鑻ヂ 浣 锛 鏇奥 锛 鍏埪犅 澶郝 鍏 鎵聽 鐖 鍒 鍚犅 鐭 銆 鍏德犅 涔嬄 鎯吢犅 涓
s霉 锛 ch茅n伞 r茅n zh墨 b霉 j铆 銆倅贸u b霉 y煤 zh墨 d脿o 锛屔∨峮伞 q铆 su菕 b煤 ji猫 y臎 銆
閫 锛 涔樎 浜郝 涔嬄 涓 鍙 銆 鐢甭 涓 铏 涔嬄 閬撀 锛 鏀宦犅 鍏 鎵聽 涓 鎴捖 涔 銆
銆 銆
f谩n w茅i k猫 zh墨 d脿o 锛 sh膿n r霉 z茅 zhu膩n 銆 zh菙 r茅n b煤 k猫 锛 l眉猫 y煤 r谩o
鍑÷ 涓郝 瀹 涔嬄 閬撀 锛 娣甭犅 鍏 鍒 涓撀犅犅 銆 涓宦 浜郝 涓 鍏 锛 鎺犅 浜 楗
y臎 锛 s膩n j奴n z煤 sh铆 銆俲菒n y菐n伞 茅r w霉 l谩o 锛宐矛n伞 q矛 j墨 l矛 锛 y霉n b墨n伞
閲 锛 涓壜 鍐浡 瓒 椋熉 銆 璋 鍏宦犅 鑰 鍕 鍔陈 锛 骞堵犅 姘 绉 鍔 锛 杩惵 鍏
j矛 m贸u 锛 w茅i b霉 k臎 c猫 銆
璁 璋嬄 锛 涓郝 涓 鍙 娴 銆
銆 銆
t贸u zh墨 w煤 su菕 w菐n伞 锛 s菒 qi臎 b霉 b臎i 锛 s菒 y膩n b霉 d茅 锛 sh矛 r茅n j矛n
鎶暵 涔嬄 鏃 鎵聽 寰聽聽 锛 姝 涓斅 涓 鍖椔 锛 姝 鐒壜 涓 寰 锛 澹 浜郝 灏
l矛 銆 b墨n伞 sh矛 sh猫n xi脿n z茅 b煤 j霉 锛 w煤 su菕 w菐n伞 z茅 伞霉 锛 sh膿n r霉 z茅
鍔 銆 鍏德犅 澹 鐢毬犅 闄仿犅 鍒 涓 鎯 锛 鏃 鎵聽 寰聽聽 鍒 鍥 锛 娣甭犅 鍏 鍒
j奴 锛 b霉 d茅 y菒 z茅 d貌u 銆 sh矛 伞霉 q铆 b墨n伞 b霉 xi奴 茅r ch茅n伞 锛 b霉 qi煤 茅r
鎷 锛 涓 寰 宸 鍒 鏂椔 銆 鏄 鏁 鍏 鍏德犅 涓 淇 鑰 鎴惵犅犅 锛 涓 姹偮 鑰
d茅 锛 b霉 yu膿 茅r q墨n 锛 b煤 l矛n伞 茅r x矛n 锛 j矛n xi谩n伞 q霉 y铆 锛 zh矛 s菒 w煤
寰 锛 涓 绾β 鑰 浜猜 锛 涓 浠ぢ犅 鑰 淇÷ 锛 绂伮 绁ヂ犅犅 鍘 鐤 锛 鑷陈 姝 鏃
su菕 zh墨 銆
鎵聽 涔嬄 銆傘 銆

w煤 sh矛 w煤 y煤 c谩i,f膿i 猫聽 hu貌 y臎 锛 w煤 y煤 m矛n伞 锛宖膿i 猫聽 sh貌u y臎 銆俵矛n伞
鍚 澹 鏃 浣 璐⒙ 锛 闈灺 鎭 璐 涔 锛 鏃 浣 鍛铰犅 锛 闈灺 鎭 瀵柯犅 涔 銆 浠
f膩 zh墨 r矛 锛 sh矛 z煤 zu貌 zh臎 t矛 zh膩n j墨n 锛 y菐n w貌 zh臎 t矛 ji膩o y铆 锛
鍙 涔嬄 鏃 锛 澹 鍗 鍧惵 鑰吢 娑 娌韭犅 瑗熉 锛 鍋兟 鍗 鑰吢 娑 浜ぢ犅 棰 锛
t贸u zh墨 w煤 su菕 w菐n伞 zh臎 锛寊h奴 銆伾矛 zh墨 y菕n伞 y臎 銆 伞霉 sh脿n y貌n伞 b墨n伞
鎶暵 涔嬄 鏃 鎵聽 寰聽聽 鑰吢 锛 璇嘎 銆 鍒柯 涔嬄 鍕嚶犅 涔 銆 鏁 鍠劼犅 鐢犅 鍏
zh臎 锛 p矛 r煤 l菧 r谩n 銆俵菧 r谩n zh臎 锛宑h谩n伞 sh膩n zh墨 sh茅 y臎 銆俲墨 q铆 sh菕u
鑰吢 锛 璀 濡 鐜 鐒堵 銆 鐜 鐒堵 鑰吢 锛 甯嘎犅犅 灞甭犅 涔嬄 铔嚶 涔 銆 鍑 鍏 棣柭犅
z茅 w臎i zh矛 锛 j墨 q铆 w臎i z茅 sh菕u zh矛 锛 j墨 q铆 zh艒n伞 z茅 sh贸u w臎i j霉 zh矛 銆
鍒 灏韭 鑷陈 锛屽嚮 鍏 灏韭 鍒 棣柭犅 鑷陈 锛 鍑 鍏 涓犅犅 鍒 棣柭犅 灏韭 淇 鑷陈 銆
伞菐n w猫n 锛歜墨n伞 k臎 sh菒 r煤 l菧 r谩n h奴 锛焬u膿 锛 k臎 銆俧奴 w煤 r茅n y菙 yu猫 r茅n
鏁⒙ 闂 锛 鍏德犅 鍙 浣柯 濡 鐜 鐒堵 涔 锛 鏇奥 锛 鍙 銆 澶 鍚 浜郝 涓 瓒娐 浜郝
xi膩n伞 猫聽 y臎 锛 d膩n伞 q铆 t贸n伞 zh艒u 茅r j矛 锛 y霉 f膿n伞 锛 q铆 xi膩n伞 ji霉 y臎 锛
鐩嘎犅犅 鎭 涔 锛 褰撀犅 鍏 鍚屄犅 鑸熉犅 鑰 娴 锛 閬 椋幝犅 锛 鍏 鐩嘎犅犅 鏁懧 涔 锛
r煤 zu菕 y貌u sh菕u 銆 sh矛 伞霉 f膩n伞 m菐 m谩i l煤n 锛 w猫i z煤 sh矛 y臎 锛 q铆 y菕n伞
濡 宸β 鍙陈 鎵嬄犅 銆 鏄 鏁 鏂孤犅 椹 鍩嬄 杞 锛 鏈 瓒 鎭兟 涔 锛 鍏 鍕嚶犅
r煤 y墨 锛 zh猫n伞 zh墨 d脿o y臎 锛 伞膩n伞 r贸u ji膿 d茅 锛宒矛 zh墨 l菒 y臎 銆偵∶ sh脿n
濡 涓 锛 鏀柯犅犅 涔嬄 閬撀 涔 锛 鍒毬犅 鏌斅 鐨喡 寰 锛 鍦 涔嬄 鐞 涔 銆 鏁 鍠
y貌n伞 b墨n伞 zh臎 锛 xi茅 sh菕u ru貌 sh菒 y矛 r茅n 锛 b霉 d茅 y菒 y臎 銆
鐢犅 鍏德犅 鑰吢 锛 鎼郝 鎵嬄犅 鑻ヂ 浣柯 涓 浜郝 锛 涓 寰 宸 涔 銆
銆 銆
ji膩n伞 j奴n zh墨 sh矛 锛 j矛n伞 y菒 y艒u 锛 zh猫n伞 y菒 zh矛 銆俷茅n伞 y煤 sh矛 z煤 zh墨
灏喡犅犅 鍐浡 涔嬄 浜嬄 锛 闈櫬犅 浠 骞铰 锛 姝B犅犅 浠 娌宦 銆 鑳铰犅 鎰 澹 鍗 涔
臎r m霉 锛 sh菒 zh墨 w煤 zh墨 锛 y矛 q铆 sh矛 锛 伞茅 q铆 m贸u 锛 sh菒 r茅n w煤 sh铆 锛
鑰 鐩 锛 浣柯 涔嬄 鏃 鐭ヂ 锛 鏄 鍏 浜嬄 锛 闈 鍏 璋嬄 锛 浣柯 浜郝 鏃 璇喡 锛
y矛 q铆 j奴 锛 y奴 q铆 t煤 锛 sh菒 r茅n b霉 d茅 l菧 銆 shu脿i y菙 zh墨 q墨 锛宺煤 d膿n伞
鏄 鍏 灞 锛 杩 鍏 閫 锛 浣柯 浜郝 涓 寰 铏 銆 甯吢犅犅 涓 涔嬄 鏈 锛 濡 鐧
伞膩o 茅r q霉 q铆 t墨 锛 shu脿i y菙 zh墨 sh膿n r霉 zh奴 h贸u zh墨 d矛 锛 茅r f膩 q铆 j墨 锛
楂樎 鑰 鍘 鍏 姊 锛 甯吢犅 涓 涔嬄 娣甭犅 鍏 璇嘎 渚 涔嬄 鍦 锛 鑰 鍙 鍏 鏈 锛
f茅n zh艒u p貌 f菙 锛 ru貌 q奴 q煤n y谩n伞 锛宷奴 茅r w菐n伞 锛 q奴 茅r l谩i 锛 m貌 zh墨
鐒毬 鑸熉犅 鐮 閲 锛 鑻ヂ 椹 缇ぢ 缇娐犅 锛 椹 鑰 寰聽聽 锛 椹 鑰 鏉ヂ 锛 鑾 鐭ヂ
su菕 zh墨 銆 j霉 s膩n j奴n zh墨 zh貌n伞 锛 t贸u zh墨 y煤 xi菐n 锛宑菒 w猫i ji膩n伞 j奴n
鎵聽 涔嬄 銆 鑱 涓壜 鍐浡 涔嬄 浼椔犅犅 锛 鎶暵 涔嬄 浜 闄┞犅 锛 姝 璋撀 灏喡犅犅 鍐浡
zh墨 sh矛 y臎 銆
涔嬄 浜嬄 涔 銆
銆 銆
ji菙 d矛 zh墨 bi脿n 锛 q奴 sh膿n zh墨 l矛 锛 r茅n q铆n伞 zh墨 l菒 锛 b霉 k臎 b霉 ch谩 銆
涔澛 鍦 涔嬄 鍙樎犅 锛 灞 浼嘎犅 涔嬄 鍒 锛 浜郝 鎯吢犅 涔嬄 鐞 锛 涓 鍙 涓 瀵熉 銆
銆 銆
f谩n w茅i k猫 zh墨 d脿o 锛 sh膿n z茅 zhu膩n 锛 qi菐n z茅 s脿n 銆 q霉 伞u贸 yu猫 j矛n伞
鍑÷ 涓郝 瀹 涔嬄 閬撀 锛 娣甭犅 鍒 涓撀犅犅 锛 娴吢犅 鍒 鏁B 銆 鍘 鍥铰 瓒娐 澧
茅r sh墨 zh臎 锛 ju茅 d矛 y臎 锛 s矛 d谩 zh臎 锛宷煤 d矛 y臎 锛況霉 sh膿n zh臎 锛寊h貌n伞
鑰 甯埪 鑰吢 锛 缁澛 鍦 涔 锛 鍥 杈 鑰吢 锛 琛 鍦 涔 锛 鍏 娣甭犅 鑰吢 锛 閲
d矛 y臎 锛 r霉 qi菐n zh臎 锛 q墨n伞 d矛 y臎 锛 b猫i 伞霉 qi谩n 脿i zh臎 锛 w茅i d矛 y臎 锛
鍦 涔 锛 鍏 娴吢犅 鑰吢 锛 杞宦犅 鍦 涔 锛 鑳屄 鍥 鍓嵚犅 闅 鑰吢 锛 鍥绰 鍦 涔 锛
w煤 su菕 w菐n伞 zh臎 锛 s菒 d矛 y臎 銆
鏃 鎵聽 寰聽聽 鑰吢 锛 姝 鍦 涔 銆
銆 銆
sh矛 伞霉 s菐n d矛 w煤 ji膩n伞 y矛 q铆 zh矛,q墨n伞 d矛 w煤 ji膩n伞 sh菒 zh墨 sh菙 锛寊h膿n伞
鏄 鏁 鏁B 鍦 鍚 灏喡犅犅 涓 鍏 蹇椔 锛 杞宦犅 鍦 鍚 灏喡犅犅 浣柯 涔嬄 灞灺 锛 浜
d矛 w煤 ji膩n伞 q奴 q铆 h貌u,ji膩o d矛 w煤 ji膩n伞 j菒n q铆 sh菕u 锛 q煤 d矛 w煤 ji膩n伞
鍦 鍚 灏喡犅犅 瓒 鍏 鍚庯紝浜ぢ犅犅 鍦 鍚 灏喡犅犅 璋 鍏 瀹埪犅 锛 琛 鍦 鍚 灏
伞霉 q铆 ji茅 锛 zh貌n伞 d矛 w煤 ji膩n伞 j矛 q铆 sh铆 锛 p菒 d矛 w煤 ji膩n伞 j矛n q铆 t煤 锛
鍥 鍏 缁撀 锛 閲嵚犅犅 鍦 鍚 灏喡犅犅 缁 鍏 椋熉 锛 鍦 鍦 鍚 灏喡犅犅 杩浡 鍏 閫 锛
w茅i d矛 w煤 ji膩n伞 s膩i q铆 qu猫 锛 s菒 d矛 w煤 ji膩n伞 sh矛 zh墨 y菒 b霉 hu贸 銆
鍥绰 鍦 鍚 灏喡犅犅 濉灺 鍏 闃櫬 锛 姝 鍦 鍚 灏喡犅犅 绀郝 涔嬄 浠 涓 娲宦 銆
銆 銆
伞霉 b墨n伞 zh墨 q铆n伞 锛 w茅i z茅 y霉 锛 b霉 d茅 y菒 z茅 d貌u 锛 伞u貌 z茅 c贸n伞 銆
鏁 鍏德犅 涔嬄 鎯吢犅 锛 鍥绰 鍒 寰 锛 涓 寰 宸 鍒 鏂椔 锛 杩嚶 鍒 浠幝犅 銆
銆 銆
sh矛 伞霉 b霉 zh墨 zh奴 h贸u zh墨 m贸u zh臎 锛 b霉 n茅n伞 y霉 ji膩o 锛 b霉 zh墨 sh膩n
鏄 鏁 涓 鐭ヂ 璇嘎 渚 涔嬄 璋嬄 鑰吢 锛 涓 鑳铰犅 棰 浜ぢ犅 锛 涓 鐭ヂ 灞

l铆n 銆 xi谩n z菙 銆 j菙 z茅 zh墨 x铆n伞 zh臎 锛 b霉 n茅n伞 x铆n伞 j奴n 锛 b煤 y貌n伞
鏋椔 銆 闄┞犅 闃 銆 娌 娉 涔嬄 褰⒙犅 鑰吢 锛 涓 鑳铰犅 琛屄犅 鍐浡 锛 涓 鐢
xi膩n伞 d菐o zh臎 锛 b霉 n茅n伞 d茅 d矛 l矛 銆 s矛 w菙 zh臎 锛 b霉 zh墨 y墨 锛 f膿i b脿
涔÷犅犅 瀵悸 鑰吢 锛 涓 鑳铰犅 寰 鍦 鍒 銆 鍥 浜 鑰吢 锛 涓 鐭ヂ 涓 锛 闈灺 闇
w谩n伞 zh墨 b墨n伞 y臎 銆俧奴 b脿 w谩n伞 zh墨 b墨n伞 锛 f谩 d脿 伞u贸 锛 z茅 q铆 zh貌n伞 b霉
鐜嬄犅 涔嬄 鍏德犅 涔 銆 澶 闇 鐜嬄犅 涔嬄 鍏德犅 锛 浼 澶 鍥铰 锛 鍒 鍏 浼椔犅犅 涓
d茅 j霉 锛 w膿i ji膩 y煤 d铆 锛 z茅 q铆 ji膩o b霉 d茅 h茅 銆 sh矛 伞霉 b霉 zh膿n伞 ti膩n
寰 鑱 锛 濞伮 鍔犅 浜 鏁 锛 鍒 鍏 浜ぢ犅 涓 寰 鍚 銆 鏄 鏁 涓 浜壜犅犅 澶
xi脿 zh墨 ji膩o 锛 b霉 y菐n伞 ti膩n xi脿 zh墨 qu谩n 锛 x矛n j菒 zh墨 s墨 锛 w膿i ji膩
涓嬄 涔嬄 浜ぢ犅 锛 涓 鍏宦犅 澶┞犅 涓嬄 涔嬄 鏉兟犅 锛 淇÷ 宸 涔嬄 绉 锛 濞伮 鍔
y煤 d铆 锛 伞霉 q铆 ch茅n伞 k臎 b谩 锛 q铆 伞u贸 k臎 hu墨 銆
浜 鏁 锛 鏁 鍏 鍩幝犅犅 鍙 鎷 锛 鍏 鍥铰 鍙 闅陈 銆
銆 銆
sh墨 w煤 f菐 zh墨 sh菐n伞 锛寈u谩n w煤 zh猫n伞 zh墨 l矛n伞 銆 f脿n s膩n j奴n zh墨 zh貌n伞 锛
鏂铰 鏃 娉 涔嬄 璧徛 锛 鎮犅 鏃 鏀柯犅犅 涔嬄 浠ぢ犅 銆 鐘 涓壜 鍐浡 涔嬄 浼椔犅犅 锛
ru貌 sh菒 y矛 r茅n 銆 f脿n zh墨 y菒 sh矛 锛 w霉 伞脿o y菒 y谩n 锛 f脿n zh墨 y菒 l矛 锛
鑻ヂ 浣柯 涓 浜郝 銆 鐘 涔嬄 浠 浜嬄 锛 鍕 鍛娐 浠 瑷聽 锛 鐘 涔嬄 浠 鍒 锛
w霉 伞脿o y菒 h脿i 銆 t贸u zh墨 w谩n伞 d矛 r谩n h貌u c煤n 锛寈i脿n zh墨 s菒 d矛 r谩n h貌u
鍕 鍛娐 浠 瀹陈 銆 鎶暵 涔嬄 浜÷犅 鍦 鐒堵 鍚幝 瀛樎 锛 闄仿犅 涔嬄 姝 鍦 鐒堵 鍚
sh膿n伞 銆 f奴 zh貌n伞 xi脿n y煤 h脿i 锛 r谩n h貌u n茅n伞 w茅i sh猫n伞 b脿i 銆
鐢熉犅犅 銆 澶 浼椔犅犅 闄仿犅 浜 瀹陈 锛 鐒堵 鍚幝 鑳铰犅 涓郝 鑳溌犅犅 璐ヂ 銆
銆 銆
伞霉 w茅i b墨n伞 zh墨 sh矛 锛 z脿i y煤 sh霉n xi谩n伞 d铆 zh墨 y矛 锛宐矛n伞 d铆 y铆 xi脿n伞 锛
鏁 涓郝 鍏德犅 涔嬄 浜 锛屽湪聽 浜 椤郝犅 璇β犅犅 鏁 涔嬄 鎰 锛 骞堵犅 鏁 涓 鍚懧犅犅 锛
qi膩n l菒 sh膩 ji脿n伞 锛 c菒 w猫i qi菐o n茅n伞 ch茅n伞 sh矛 zh臎 y臎 銆俿h矛 伞霉 zh猫n伞
鍗兟犅 閲 鏉聽 灏喡犅犅 锛 姝 璋撀 宸犅 鑳铰犅 鎴惵犅犅 浜嬄 鑰吢 涔 銆 鏄 鏁 鏀柯犅
j菙 zh墨 r矛 锛 y铆 伞u膩n zh茅 f煤 锛 w煤 t艒n伞 q铆 sh菒 锛 l矛 y煤 l谩n伞 mi脿o zh墨
涓 涔嬄 鏃 锛 澶 鍏陈犅 鎶樎 绗 锛 鏃 閫毬犅 鍏 浣柯 锛 鍘 浜 寤娐犅 搴櫬犅 涔嬄
sh脿n伞 锛 y菒 zh奴 q铆 sh矛 銆 d铆 r茅n k膩i h茅 锛 b矛 j铆 r霉 zh墨 锛寈i膩n q铆 su菕
涓娐犅犅 锛 浠 璇浡 鍏 浜嬄 銆 鏁 浜郝 寮聽 闃 锛 蹇 浜 鍏 涔嬄 锛 鍏埪犅 鍏 鎵
脿i 锛 w膿i y菙 zh墨 q墨 锛 ji脿n m貌 su铆 d铆 锛 y菒 ju茅 zh脿n sh矛 銆俿h矛 伞霉 sh菒
鐖 锛 寰 涓 涔嬄 鏈 锛 璺 聽聽澧 闅徛 鏁 锛 浠 鍐陈 鎴樎犅 浜嬄 銆 鏄 鏁 濮
r煤 ch煤 n菤 锛 d铆 r茅n k膩i h茅 锛 h貌u r煤 tu艒 t霉 锛 d铆 b霉 j铆 j霉 銆
濡 澶劼 濂 锛 鏁 浜郝 寮聽 闃 锛 鍚幝 濡 鑴甭 鍏 锛 鏁 涓 鍙 鎷 銆

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Translation:(Translated from the Chinese version By LIONEL GILES, M.A. (1910))

XI. THE NINE SITUATIONS

1. Sun Tzu said: The art of war recognizes nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

2. When a chieftain is fighting in his own territory, it is dispersive ground.

3. When he has penetrated into hostile territory, but to no great distance, it is facile ground.

4. Ground the possession of which imports great advantage to either side, is contentious ground.

5. Ground on which each side has liberty of movement is open ground.

6. Ground which forms the key to three contiguous states, so that he who occupies it first has most of the Empire at his command, is a ground of intersecting highways.

7. When an army has penetrated into the heart of a hostile country, leaving a number of fortified cities in its rear, it is serious ground.

8. Mountain forests, rugged steeps, marshes and fens--all country that is hard to traverse: this is difficult ground.

9. Ground which is reached through narrow gorges, and from which we can only retire by tortuous paths, so that a small number of the enemy would suffice to crush a large body of our men: this is hemmed in ground.

10. Ground on which we can only be saved from destruction by fighting without delay, is desperate ground.

11. On dispersive ground, therefore, fight not. On facile ground, halt not. On contentious ground, attack not.

12. On open ground, do not try to block the enemy's way. On the ground of intersecting highways, join hands with your allies.

13. On serious ground, gather in plunder. In difficult ground, keep steadily on the march.

14. On hemmed-in ground, resort to stratagem. On desperate ground, fight.

15. Those who were called skillful leaders of old knew how to drive a wedge between the enemy's front and rear; to prevent co-operation between his large and small divisions; to hinder the good troops from rescuing the bad, the officers from rallying their men.

16. When the enemy's men were united, they managed to keep them in disorder.

17. When it was to their advantage, they made a forward move; when otherwise, they stopped still.

18. If asked how to cope with a great host of the enemy in orderly array and on the point of marching to the attack, I should say: "Begin by seizing something which your opponent holds dear; then he will be amenable to your will."

19. Rapidity is the essence of war: take advantage of the enemy's unreadiness, make your way by unexpected routes, and attack unguarded spots.

20. The following are the principles to be observed by an invading force: The further you penetrate into a country, the greater will be the solidarity of your troops, and thus the defenders will not prevail against you.

21. Make forays in fertile country in order to supply your army with food.

22. Carefully study the well-being of your men, and do not overtax them. Concentrate your energy and hoard your strength. Keep your army continually on the move, and devise unfathomable plans.

23. Throw your soldiers into positions whence there is no escape, and they will prefer death to flight. If they will face death, there is nothing they may not achieve. Officers and men alike will put forth their uttermost strength.

24. Soldiers when in desperate straits lose the sense of fear. If there is no place of refuge, they will stand firm. If they are in hostile country, they will show a stubborn front. If there is no help for it, they will fight hard.

25. Thus, without waiting to be marshaled, the soldiers will be constantly on the qui vive; without waiting to be asked, they will do your will; without restrictions, they will be faithful; without giving orders, they can be trusted.

26. Prohibit the taking of omens, and do away with superstitious doubts. Then, until death itself comes, no calamity need be feared.

27. If our soldiers are not overburdened with money, it is not because they have a distaste for riches; if their lives are not unduly long, it is not because they are disinclined to longevity.

28. On the day they are ordered out to battle, your soldiers may weep, those sitting up bedewing their garments, and those lying down letting the tears run down their cheeks. But let them once be brought to bay, and they will display the courage of a Chu or a Kuei.

29. The skillful tactician may be likened to the shuai-jan. Now the shuai-jan is a snake that is found in the ChUng mountains. Strike at its head, and you will be attacked by its tail; strike at its tail, and you will be attacked by its head; strike at its middle, and you will be attacked by head and tail both.

30. Asked if an army can be made to imitate the shuai-jan, I should answer, Yes. For the men of Wu and the men of Yueh are enemies; yet if they are crossing a river in the same boat and are caught by a storm, they will come to each other's assistance just as the left hand helps the right.

31. Hence it is not enough to put one's trust in the tethering of horses, and the burying of chariot wheels in the ground

32. The principle on which to manage an army is to set up one standard of courage which all must reach.

33. How to make the best of both strong and weak--that is a question involving the proper use of ground.

34. Thus the skillful general conducts his army just as though he were leading a single man, willy-nilly, by the hand.

35. It is the business of a general to be quiet and thus ensure secrecy; upright and just, and thus maintain order.

36. He must be able to mystify his officers and men by false reports and appearances, and thus keep them in total ignorance.

37. By altering his arrangements and changing his plans, he keeps the enemy without definite knowledge. By shifting his camp and taking circuitous routes, he prevents the enemy from anticipating his purpose.

38. At the critical moment, the leader of an army acts like one who has climbed up a height and then kicks away the ladder behind him. He carries his men deep into hostile territory before he shows his hand.

39. He burns his boats and breaks his cooking-pots; like a shepherd driving a flock of sheep, he drives his men this way and that, and nothing knows whither he is going.

40. To muster his host and bring it into danger:--this may be termed the business of the general.

41. The different measures suited to the nine varieties of ground; the expediency of aggressive or defensive tactics; and the fundamental laws of human nature: these are things that must most certainly be studied.

42. When invading hostile territory, the general principle is, that penetrating deeply brings cohesion; penetrating but a short way means dispersion.

43. When you leave your own country behind, and take your army across neighborhood territory, you find yourself on critical ground. When there are means of communication on all four sides, the ground is one of intersecting highways.

44. When you penetrate deeply into a country, it is serious ground. When you penetrate but a little way, it is facile ground.

45. When you have the enemy's strongholds on your rear, and narrow passes in front, it is hemmed-in ground. When there is no place of refuge at all, it is desperate ground.

46. Therefore, on dispersive ground, I would inspire my men with unity of purpose. On facile ground, I would see that there is close connection between all parts of my army.

47. On contentious ground, I would hurry up my rear.

48. On open ground, I would keep a vigilant eye on my defenses. On ground of intersecting highways, I would consolidate my alliances.

49. On serious ground, I would try to ensure a continuous stream of supplies. On difficult ground, I would keep pushing on along the road.

50. On hemmed-in ground, I would block any way of retreat. On desperate ground, I would proclaim to my soldiers the hopelessness of saving their lives.

51. For it is the soldier's disposition to offer an obstinate resistance when surrounded, to fight hard when he cannot help himself, and to obey promptly when he has fallen into danger.

52. We cannot enter into alliance with neighboring princes until we are acquainted with their designs. We are not fit to lead an army on the march unless we are familiar with the face of the country--its mountains and forests, its pitfalls and precipices, its marshes and swamps. We shall be unable to turn natural advantages to account unless we make use of local guides.

53. To be ignored of any one of the following four or five principles does not befit a warlike prince.

54. When a warlike prince attacks a powerful state, his generalship shows itself in preventing the concentration of the enemy's forces. He overawes his opponents, and their allies are prevented from joining against him.

55. Hence he does not strive to ally himself with all and sundry, nor does he foster the power of other states. He carries out his own secret designs, keeping his antagonists in awe. Thus he is able to capture their cities and overthrow their kingdoms.

56. Bestow rewards without regard to rule, issue orders without regard to previous arrangements; and you will be able to handle a whole army as though you had to do with but a single man.

57. Confront your soldiers with the deed itself; never let them know your design. When the outlook is bright, bring it before their eyes; but tell them nothing when the situation is gloomy.

58. Place your army in deadly peril, and it will survive; plunge it into desperate straits, and it will come off in safety.

59. For it is precisely when a force has fallen into harm's way that is capable of striking a blow for victory.

60. Success in warfare is gained by carefully accommodating ourselves to the enemy's purpose.

61. By persistently hanging on the enemy's flank, we shall succeed in the long run in killing the commander-in-chief.

62. This is called ability to accomplish a thing by sheer cunning.

63. On the day that you take up your command, block the frontier passes, destroy the official tallies, and stop the passage of all emissaries.

64. Be stern in the council-chamber, so that you may control the situation.

65. If the enemy leaves a door open, you must rush in.

66. Forestall your opponent by seizing what he holds dear, and subtly contrive to time his arrival on the ground.

67. Walk in the path defined by rule, and accommodate yourself to the enemy until you can fight a decisive battle.

68. At first, then, exhibit the coyness of a maiden, until the enemy gives you an opening; afterwards emulate the rapidity of a running hare, and it will be too late for the enemy to oppose you.

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