鍘熸枃锛
d矛 x铆n伞 pi膩n d矛 sh铆
鍦 褰⒙犅 绡嚶犅 绗 鍗伮
s奴n zi yu膿 锛 d矛 x铆n伞 y菕u t艒n伞 zh臎 锛 y菕u 伞u脿 zh臎 锛 y菕u zh墨 zh臎 锛
瀛櫬 瀛 鏇奥 锛 鍦 褰⒙犅 鏈壜 閫毬犅 鑰吢 锛 鏈壜 鎸偮 鑰吢 锛 鏈壜 鏀 鑰吢 锛
y菕u 脿i zh臎 锛 y菕u xi菐n zh臎 锛 y菕u yu菐n zh臎 銆 w菕 k茅 y铆 w菐n伞 锛 b菒 k茅
鏈壜 闅 鑰吢 锛 鏈壜 闄┞犅 鑰吢 锛 鏈壜 杩溌犅 鑰吢 銆 鎴 鍙 浠 寰聽聽 锛 褰 鍙
y菒 l谩i 锛 yu膿 t艒n伞 銆 t艒n伞 x铆n伞 zh臎 锛 xi膩n j奴 伞膩o y谩n伞 锛 l矛 li谩n伞
浠 鏉ヂ 锛 鏇奥 閫毬犅 銆 閫毬犅 褰⒙犅 鑰吢 锛 鍏埪犅 灞 楂樎 闃陈犅 锛 鍒 绮犅犅
d脿o 锛 y菒 zh脿n z茅 l矛 銆 k茅 y铆 w菐n伞 锛 n谩n y菒 f菐n 锛寉u膿 伞u脿 銆偵脿 x铆n伞
閬撀 锛 浠 鎴樎犅 鍒 鍒 銆 鍙 浠 寰聽聽 锛 闅韭 浠 杩斅 锛 鏇奥 鎸偮 銆 鎸偮 褰⒙犅
zh臎 锛宒铆 w煤 b猫i 锛宑h奴 茅r sh猫n伞 zh墨 锛沝铆 ru貌 y菕u b猫i 锛宑h奴 茅r b煤 sh猫n伞 锛
鑰吢 锛屾晫 鏃 澶嚶 锛屽嚭聽 鑰 鑳溌犅犅 涔嬄 锛涙晫 鑻ヂ 鏈壜 澶嚶 锛 鍑郝 鑰 涓 鑳溌犅犅 锛
n谩n y菒 f菐n 锛 b煤 l矛 銆 w菕 ch奴 茅r b煤 l矛 锛 b菒 ch奴 茅r b煤 l矛 锛 yu膿 zh墨 銆
闅韭 浠 杩斅 锛 涓 鍒 銆 鎴 鍑郝 鑰 涓 鍒 锛 褰 鍑郝 鑰 涓 鍒 锛 鏇奥 鏀 銆
zh墨 x铆n伞 zh臎 锛宒铆 su墨 l矛 w菕 锛寃菕 w煤 ch奴 y臎 锛泍菒n 茅r q霉 zh墨 锛宭矛n伞 d铆
鏀 褰⒙犅 鑰吢 锛 鏁 铏铰 鍒 鎴 锛 鎴 鏃 鍑郝 涔 锛 寮暵 鑰 鍘 涔嬄 锛 浠ぢ犅 鏁
b脿n ch奴 茅r j墨 zh墨 锛 l矛 銆 脿i x铆n伞 zh臎 锛寃菕 xi膩n j奴 zh墨 锛宐矛 y铆n伞 zh墨
鍗娐 鍑郝 鑰 鍑 涔嬄 锛 鍒 銆 闅 褰⒙犅 鑰吢 锛 鎴 鍏埪犅 灞 涔嬄 锛 蹇 鐩埪犅 涔嬄
y菒 d脿i d铆 銆 ru貌 d铆 xi膩n j奴 zh墨 锛 y铆n伞 茅r w霉 c贸n伞 锛 b霉 y铆n伞 茅r c贸n伞
浠 寰吢 鏁 銆 鑻ヂ 鏁 鍏埪犅 灞 涔嬄 锛 鐩埪犅 鑰 鍕 浠幝犅 锛 涓 鐩埪犅 鑰 浠
zh墨 銆 xi菐n x铆n伞 zh臎 锛 w菕 xi膩n j奴 zh墨 锛 b矛 j奴 伞膩o y谩n伞 y菒 d脿i d铆 锛
涔嬄 銆 闄┞犅 褰⒙犅 鑰吢 锛 鎴 鍏埪犅 灞 涔嬄 锛 蹇 灞 楂樎 闃陈犅 浠 寰吢 鏁 锛
ru貌 d铆 xi膩n j奴 zh墨 锛 y菒n 茅r q霉 zh墨 锛 w霉 c贸n伞 y臎 銆 yu菐n x铆n伞 zh臎 锛
鑻ヂ 鏁 鍏埪犅 灞 涔嬄 锛 寮暵 鑰 鍘 涔嬄 锛 鍕 浠幝犅 涔 銆 杩溌犅 褰⒙犅 鑰吢 锛
sh矛 j奴n 锛 n谩n y菒 ti菐o zh脿n 锛寊h脿n 茅r b煤 l矛 銆俧谩n c菒 li霉 zh臎 锛宒矛 zh墨
鍔柯 鍧嚶 锛 闅韭 浠 鎸懧犅 鎴樎犅 锛 鎴樎犅 鑰 涓 鍒 銆 鍑÷ 姝 鍏 鑰吢 锛 鍦 涔
d脿o y臎 锛 ji膩n伞 zh墨 zh矛 r猫n 锛 b霉 k臎 b霉 ch谩 y臎 銆
閬撀 涔 锛 灏喡犅犅 涔嬄 鑷陈 浠宦 锛 涓 鍙 涓 瀵熉 涔 銆
銆 銆
伞霉 b墨n伞 y菕u z菕u zh臎 锛 y菕u ch铆 zh臎 锛 y菕u xi脿n zh臎 锛 y菕u b膿n伞 zh臎 锛
鏁 鍏德犅 鏈壜 璧奥 鑰吢 锛 鏈壜 椹奥 鑰吢 锛 鏈壜 闄仿犅 鑰吢 锛 鏈壜 宕┞犅 鑰吢 锛
y菕u lu脿n zh臎 锛寉菕u b臎i zh臎 銆俧谩n c菒 li霉 zh臎,f膿i ti膩n zh墨 z膩i 锛宩i膩n伞
鏈壜 涔甭犅 鑰吢 锛 鏈壜 鍖椔 鑰吢 銆 鍑÷ 姝 鍏 鑰吢 锛 闈灺 澶┞犅 涔嬄 鐏韭 锛 灏喡犅犅
zh墨 伞u貌 y臎 銆 f奴 sh矛 j奴n 锛 y菒 y矛 j墨 sh铆 锛 yu膿 z菕u 锛泎煤 qi谩n伞 l矛 ru貌 锛
涔嬄 杩嚶 涔 銆 澶 鍔柯 鍧嚶 锛 浠 涓 鍑 鍗伮 锛 鏇奥 璧奥 锛 鍗 寮郝犅犅 鍚 寮甭 锛
yu膿 ch铆 锛 l矛 qi谩n伞 z煤 ru貌 锛寉u膿 xi脿n 锛沝脿 l矛 n霉 茅r b霉 f煤 锛寉霉 d铆 du矛
鏇奥 椹奥 锛 鍚 寮郝犅犅 鍗 寮甭 锛 鏇奥 闄仿犅 锛 澶 鍚 鎬 鑰 涓 鏈 锛 閬 鏁 鎬
茅r z矛 zh脿n 锛 ji膩n伞 b霉 zh墨 q铆 n茅n伞 锛 yu膿 b膿n伞 锛 ji膩n伞 ru貌 b霉 y谩n 锛
鑰 鑷 鎴樎犅 锛 灏喡犅犅 涓 鐭ヂ 鍏 鑳铰犅 锛 鏇奥 宕┞犅 锛 灏喡犅犅 寮甭 涓 涓ヂ 锛
ji膩o d脿o b霉 m铆n伞 锛 l矛 z煤 w煤 ch谩n伞 锛 ch茅n b墨n伞 z貌n伞 h茅n伞 锛 yu膿 lu脿n 锛
鏁櫬犅 閬撀 涓 鏄幝犅 锛 鍚 鍗 鏃 甯嘎犅犅 锛 闄埪犅 鍏德犅 绾德犅 妯犅 锛 鏇奥 涔甭犅 锛
ji脿n伞 b霉 n茅n伞 li脿o d铆 锛寉菒 sh菐o h茅 zh貌n伞 锛寉菒 ru貌 j墨 qi谩n伞 锛宐墨n伞 w煤
灏喡犅犅 涓 鑳铰犅 鏂櫬犅 鏁 锛 浠 灏懧犅 鍚 浼椔犅犅 锛 浠 寮甭 鍑 寮郝犅犅 锛 鍏德犅 鏃
xu菐n f膿n伞 锛 yu膿 b臎i 銆 f谩n c菒 li霉 zh臎 锛 b脿i zh墨 d脿o y臎 锛 ji膩n伞 zh墨
閫壜犅 閿嬄犅 锛 鏇奥 鍖椔 銆 鍑÷ 姝 鍏 鑰吢 锛 璐ヂ 涔嬄 閬撀 涔 锛 灏喡犅犅 涔
zh矛 r猫n 锛 b霉 k臎 b霉 ch谩 y臎 銆
鑷陈 浠宦 锛 涓 鍙 涓 瀵熉 涔 銆
銆 銆
f奴 d矛 x铆n伞 zh臎,b墨n伞 zh墨 zh霉 y臎 銆俵i脿o d铆 zh矛 sh猫n伞 锛宩矛 xi菐n 猫聽 yu菐n
澶 鍦 褰⒙犅 鑰吢 锛 鍏德犅 涔嬄 鍔┞ 涔 銆 鏂櫬犅 鏁 鍒堵 鑳溌犅犅 锛 璁 闄┞犅 鍘 杩渏矛n 锛 sh脿n伞 ji膩n伞 zh墨 d脿o y臎 銆 zh墨 c菒 茅r y貌n伞 zh脿n zh臎 b矛 sh猫n伞 ,b霉
杩懧 锛 涓娐犅犅 灏喡犅犅 涔嬄 閬撀 涔 銆 鐭ヂ 姝 鑰 鐢犅 鎴樎犅 鑰吢 蹇 鑳溌犅犅 锛 涓
zh墨 c菒 茅r y貌n伞 zh脿n zh臎 b矛 b脿i 銆 伞霉 zh脿n d脿o b矛 sh猫n伞 锛 zh菙 yu膿 w煤
鐭ヂ 姝 鑰 鐢犅 鎴樎犅 鑰吢 蹇 璐ヂ 銆 鏁 鎴樎犅 閬撀 蹇 鑳溌犅犅 锛 涓宦 鏇奥 鏃
zh脿n 锛宐矛 zh脿n k臎 y臎 锛泎h脿n d脿o b煤 sh猫n伞 锛寊h菙 yu膿 b矛 zh脿n 锛 w煤 zh脿n
鎴樎犅 锛 蹇 鎴樎犅 鍙 涔 锛 鎴樎犅 閬撀 涓 鑳溌犅犅 锛 涓宦 鏇奥 蹇 鎴樎犅 锛 鏃 鎴樎犅
k臎 y臎 銆 伞霉 j矛n b霉 qi煤 m铆n伞 锛 tu矛 b煤 b矛 zu矛 锛 w茅i r茅n sh矛 b菐o 锛 茅r
鍙 涔 銆 鏁 杩浡 涓 姹偮 鍚嵚犅 锛 閫聽 涓 閬 缃 锛 鎯熉 浜郝 鏄 淇澛 锛 鑰
l矛 h茅 y煤 zh菙 锛 伞u贸 zh墨 b菐o y臎 銆
鍒 鍚 浜 涓宦 锛 鍥铰 涔嬄 瀹澛 涔 銆
銆 銆
sh矛 z煤 r煤 y墨n伞 茅r 锛 伞霉 k茅 y菒 y菙 zh墨 f霉 sh膿n x墨 锛 sh矛 z煤 r煤 脿i z菒 锛
瑙喡 鍗 濡 濠绰犅 鍎 锛 鏁 鍙 浠 涓 涔嬄 璧 娣甭犅 婧 锛 瑙喡 鍗 濡 鐖 瀛 锛
伞霉 k臎 y菙 zh墨 j霉 s菒 銆 h貌u 茅r b霉 n茅n伞 sh菒 锛 脿i 茅r b霉 n茅n伞 l矛n伞 锛宭u脿n
鏁 鍙 涓 涔嬄 淇 姝 銆 鍘毬 鑰 涓 鑳铰犅 浣柯 锛 鐖 鑰 涓 鑳铰犅 浠ぢ犅 锛 涔甭
茅r b霉 n茅n伞 zh矛 锛 p矛 ru貌 ji膩o z菒 锛 b霉 k臎 y貌n伞 y臎 銆
鑰 涓 鑳铰犅 娌宦 锛 璀 鑻ヂ 楠劼犅 瀛 锛 涓 鍙 鐢犅 涔 銆
銆 銆
zh墨 w煤 z煤 zh墨 k茅 y菒 j墨 锛 茅r b霉 zh墨 d铆 zh墨 b霉 k臎 j墨 锛 sh猫n伞 zh墨 b脿n
鐭ヂ 鍚 鍗 涔嬄 鍙 浠 鍑 锛 鑰 涓 鐭ヂ 鏁 涔嬄 涓 鍙 鍑 锛 鑳溌犅犅 涔嬄 鍗
y臎 锛 zh墨 d铆 zh墨 k臎 j墨 锛 茅r b霉 zh墨 w菕 z煤 zh墨 b霉 k茅 y菒 j墨 锛宻h猫n伞 zh墨
涔 锛 鐭ヂ 鏁 涔嬄 鍙 鍑 锛 鑰 涓 鐭ヂ 鎴 鍗 涔嬄 涓 鍙 浠 鍑 锛 鑳溌犅犅 涔嬄
b脿n y臎 锛泎h墨 d铆 zh墨 k臎 j墨,zh墨 w煤 z煤 zh墨 k茅 y菒 j墨 锛屆﹔ b霉 zh墨 d矛 x铆n伞
鍗娐 涔 锛 鐭ヂ 鏁 涔嬄 鍙 鍑 锛 鐭ヂ 鍚 鍗 涔嬄 鍙 浠 鍑 锛 鑰 涓 鐭ヂ 鍦 褰⒙犅
zh墨 b霉 k茅 y菒 zh脿n 锛 sh猫n伞 zh墨 b脿n y臎 銆 伞霉 zh墨 b墨n伞 zh臎 锛宒貌n伞 茅r b霉
涔嬄 涓 鍙 浠 鎴樎犅 锛 鑳溌犅犅 涔嬄 鍗娐 涔 銆 鏁 鐭ヂ 鍏德犅 鑰吢 锛 鍔犅 鑰 涓
m铆 锛 j菙 茅r b霉 qi贸n伞 銆 伞霉 yu膿 锛 zh墨 b菒 zh墨 j菒 锛 sh猫n伞 n菐i b煤 d脿i 锛
杩 锛 涓 鑰 涓 绌仿犅犅 銆 鏁 鏇奥 锛 鐭ヂ 褰 鐭ヂ 宸 锛 鑳溌犅犅 涔兟 涓 娈喡 锛
zh墨 ti膩n zh墨 d矛 锛 sh猫n伞 n菐i b霉 qi贸n伞 銆
鐭ヂ 澶┞犅 鐭ヂ 鍦 锛 鑳溌犅犅 涔兟 涓 绌仿犅犅 銆
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Translation:(Translated from the Chinese version By LIONEL GILES, M.A. (1910))
X. TERRAIN
1. Sun Tzu said: We may distinguish six kinds of terrain, to wit: (1) Accessible ground; (2) entangling ground; (3) temporizing ground; (4) narrow passes; (5) precipitous heights; (6) positions at a great distance from the enemy.
2. Ground which can be freely traversed by both sides is called accessible.
3. With regard to ground of this nature, be before the enemy in occupying the raised and sunny spots, and carefully guard your line of supplies. Then you will be able to fight with advantage.
4. Ground which can be abandoned but is hard to re-occupy is called entangling.
5. From a position of this sort, if the enemy is unprepared, you may sally forth and defeat him. But if the enemy is prepared for your coming, and you fail to defeat him, then, return being impossible, disaster will ensue.
6. When the position is such that neither side will gain by making the first move, it is called temporizing ground.
7. In a position of this sort, even though the enemy should offer us an attractive bait, it will be advisable not to stir forth, but rather to retreat, thus enticing the enemy in his turn; then, when part of his army has come out, we may deliver our attack with advantage.
8. With regard to narrow passes, if you can occupy them first, let them be strongly garrisoned and await the advent of the enemy.
9. Should the army forestall you in occupying a pass, do not go after him if the pass is fully garrisoned, but only if it is weakly garrisoned.
10. With regard to precipitous heights, if you are beforehand with your adversary, you should occupy the raised and sunny spots, and there wait for him to come up.
11. If the enemy has occupied them before you, do not follow him, but retreat and try to entice him away.
12. If you are situated at a great distance from the enemy, and the strength of the two armies is equal, it is not easy to provoke a battle, and fighting will be to your disadvantage.
13. These six are the principles connected with Earth. The general who has attained a responsible post must be careful to study them.
14. Now an army is exposed to six several calamities, not arising from natural causes, but from faults for which the general is responsible. These are: (1) Flight; (2) insubordination; (3) collapse; (4) ruin; (5) disorganization; (6) rout.
15. Other conditions being equal, if one force is hurled against another ten times its size, the result will be the flight of the former.
16. When the common soldiers are too strong and their officers too weak, the result is insubordination. When the officers are too strong and the common soldiers too weak, the result is collapse.
17. When the higher officers are angry and insubordinate, and on meeting the enemy give battle on their own account from a feeling of resentment, before the commander-in-chief can tell whether or no he is in a position to fight, the result is ruin.
18. When the general is weak and without authority; when his orders are not clear and distinct; when there are no fixes duties assigned to officers and men, and the ranks are formed in a slovenly haphazard manner, the result is utter disorganization.
19. When a general, unable to estimate the enemy's strength, allows an inferior force to engage a larger one, or hurls a weak detachment against a powerful one, and neglects to place picked soldiers in the front rank, the result must be rout.
20. These are six ways of courting defeat, which must be carefully noted by the general who has attained a responsible post.
21. The natural formation of the country is the soldier's best ally; but a power of estimating the adversary, of controlling the forces of victory, and of shrewdly calculating difficulties, dangers and distances, constitutes the test of a great general.
22. He who knows these things, and in fighting puts his knowledge into practice, will win his battles. He who knows them not, nor practices them, will surely be defeated.
23. If fighting is sure to result in victory, then you must fight, even though the ruler forbid it; if fighting will not result in victory, then you must not fight even at the ruler's bidding.
24. The general who advances without coveting fame and retreats without fearing disgrace, whose only thought is to protect his country and do good service for his sovereign, is the jewel of the kingdom.
25. Regard your soldiers as your children, and they will follow you into the deepest valleys; look upon them as your own beloved sons, and they will stand by you even unto death.
26. If, however, you are indulgent, but unable to make your authority felt; kind-hearted, but unable to enforce your commands; and incapable, moreover, of quelling disorder: then your soldiers must be likened to spoilt children; they are useless for any practical purpose.
27. If we know that our own men are in a condition to attack, but are unaware that the enemy is not open to attack, we have gone only halfway towards victory.
28. If we know that the enemy is open to attack, but are unaware that our own men are not in a condition to attack, we have gone only halfway towards victory.
29. If we know that the enemy is open to attack, and also know that our men are in a condition to attack, but are unaware that the nature of the ground makes fighting impracticable, we have still gone only halfway towards victory.
30. Hence the experienced soldier, once in motion, is never bewildered; once he has broken camp, he is never at a loss.
31. Hence the saying: If you know the enemy and know yourself, your victory will not stand in doubt; if you know Heaven and know Earth, you may make your victory complete. |